Let’s build an IoT project of sonar system using Ultrasonic HC-SR04 device and Arduino (Arduino UNO). The sonar system detects the objects that come within its range (angle and distance) and display its appearance on Laptop (Monitor) screen. Sonar uses the echo principle of sound waves through an object.

Hardware requirements

Arduino UNO board
USB cable connector for Arduino UNO
Ultra Sonic HC-SR04
Jumper wires male to female
Micro Server SG90

Software requirements

Arduino software
Processing software

The working rule of the Sonar system

The Ultra Sonic HC-SR04 emits ultrasound at 40,000Hz that travels within the air. If there’s an object or obstacle comes in its path, then the acoustic wave collides with the thing and bounces back to the Ultra Sonic module. The object’s angle and distance have displayed over the screen (Monitor).

In this project, we use the processing app to display the sonar range.

Before writing a program for Sonar system, first undergo Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 and Arduino to distance calculationwhere we offer the working rule of Ultrasonic device.

Write an Arduino program to live distance using Ultra Sonic HC-SR04 and rotate servo motor.

#include
const int trigPin = 8;
const int echoPin = 9;
long duration; //declare time duration
int distance; //declare distance
Servo myServo; // Object servo
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // trigPin as an output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // echoPin as an input
Serial.begin(9600);
myServo.attach(10); // pin connected to Servo
}
void loop() {
// rotating servo i++ depicts increment of 1 degree
for(int i=0;i0;i–){
myServo.write(i);
delay(30);
distance = calculateDistance();
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(“,”);
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.print(“.”);
}
}
int calculateDistance(){
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance= duration*0.034/2;
return distance;
}

Compile your code.

Now, connect the Arduino device together with your pc using an Arduino USB connector and upload the program.

Digital circuit diagram

Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 Arduino UNO

VCC ——————————–> 5v

Trig ——————————–> Pin 8

Echo ——————————–> Pin 9

GND ——————————–> GND

Micro Servo Motor SG90 Arduino UNO

Orange wire ———————-> Pin 10

Red wire ———————-> 3.3v

Brown wire ———————-> GND

Now, place the larger a part of a lover over servo motor’s rotating wheel. Place your Ultrasonic device over the servo motor to form it rotating (you may use double sided sticky tape).

Test the subsequent code within the Processing IDE and run it. The Processing IDE displays the angle distance of an object when it comes within the range of Ultrasonic device.

import processing.serial.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.IOException;
Serial myPort;// defubes variables
String angle=””;
String distance=””;
String data=””;
String noObject;
float pixsDistance;
int iAngle, iDistance;
int index1=0;
int index2=0;
PFont orcFont;
void setup() {
size (1366, 768);
smooth();
myPort = new Serial(this,”COM3″, 9600); // change this accordingly
myPort.bufferUntil(‘.’); // reads the info from the interface up to the character ?.?. So actually it reads this: angle,distance.
}
void draw() {
fill(98,245,31);
// simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line
noStroke();
fill(0,4);
rect(0, 0, width, height-height*0.065);
fill(98,245,31); // green color
// calls the functions for drawing the radar
drawRadar();
drawLine();
drawObject();
drawText();
}
void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the interface
// reads the info from the interface up to the character ?.? and puts it into the String variable ?data?.
data = myPort.readStringUntil(‘.’);
data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1);
index1 = data.indexOf(“,”); // find the character ?,? and puts it into the variable ?index1?
angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the info from position ?0? to position of the variable index1 or thats the worth of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the interface
distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the info from position ?index1? to the top of the info pr thats the worth of the space
// converts the String variables into Integer
iAngle = int(angle);
iDistance = int(distance);
}
void drawRadar() {
pushMatrix();
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
noFill();
strokeWeight(2);
stroke(98,245,31);
// draws the arc lines
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.0625),(width-width*0.0625),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.27),(width-width*0.27),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.479),(width-width*0.479),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.687),(width-width*0.687),PI,TWO_PI);
// draws the angle lines
line(-width/2,0,width/2,0);
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(30)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(60)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(60)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(90)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(90)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(120)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(120)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(150)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(150)));
line((-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),0,width/2,0);
popMatrix();
}
void drawObject() {
pushMatrix();
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
strokeWeight(9);
stroke(255,10,10); // red color
pixsDistance = iDistance*((height-height*0.1666)*0.025); // covers the space from the sensor from cm to pixels
// limiting the range to 40 cms
if(iDistance40) {
noObject = “Out of Range”;
}
else {
noObject = “In Range”;
}
fill(0,0,0);
noStroke();
rect(0, height-height*0.0648, width, height);
fill(98,245,31);
textSize(25);
text(“10cm”,width-width*0.3854,height-height*0.0833);
text(“20cm”,width-width*0.281,height-height*0.0833);
text(“30cm”,width-width*0.177,height-height*0.0833);
text(“40cm”,width-width*0.0729,height-height*0.0833);
textSize(40);
text(“Angle: ” + iAngle +” ?”, width-width*0.78, height-height*0.0277);
text(“Distance: “, width-width*0.36, height-height*0.0277);
if(iDistance

So, this brings us to the end of blog. This Tecklearn ‘IoT project of Sonar system using Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 and Arduino device’ blog helps you with commonly asked questions if you are looking out for a job in Internet of Things (IoT). If you wish to learn IoT and build a career in Internet of Things (IoT) domain, then check out our interactive, Internet of Things (IoT) Training, that comes with 24*7 support to guide you throughout your learning period. Please find the link for course details:

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What you will Learn in this Course?

Introduction to Internet of Things

What is IoT, how does it work
IoT vs IIoT
Business Cases of IIoT
Industry 4.0
Properties of IoT device
IoT Ecosystem
IoT Decision Framework
IoT Solution Architecture Models
How IoT is Transforming Businesses
Major IoT Boards in Market

IoT Communication Protocols

Types of wireless communication
Major wireless Short-range communication devices and properties
Comparison of these devices (Bluetooth, WIFI, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN)
Major wireless Long-range communication devices and properties, Comparison of these devices (Cellular IoT, LPWAN)

IoT Architecture

The IoT Stack Architecture and the various components and layers
The app, the data processing and platform
IoT OS like Contiki, FreeRTOS and mbe
The edge and the connected thing or device

IoT Sensors and Device Platforms

Introduction to IoT Sensors and the role they play in getting the IoT systems work efficiently
Micro-electromechanical systems revolutionizing IoT sensors
Use Case of Water Quality Monitoring
Use Case: Sericulture
Difference between microcontroller and microprocessor
IoT Device Platforms – Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc
Smartphone Centric Architecture
IoT Application Layer protocols
Hands On

Arduino Platform and Arduino Interfacing

Arduino physical board, libraries and the Integrated Development Environment
Arduino Shields various operations such as heat and light sensing, GPS, UI display
Programming Arduino using C language
Controlling external devices using pins on the Arduino board
The Arduino Interface
Reading inputs from various sources and providing an output
Working with sensors for sensing and controlling the physical world
Deploying various types of sensors and connecting it to the Arduino
Constant conversion between analog and digital signals for information exchange between the physical and digital domains
Hands On

Raspberry Pi Platform and Raspberry Pi Interfacing

Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Set up of Raspberry Pi environment
Coding for the Raspberry Pi using Python
Deploying Python-based Integrated Development Environment
Interfacing the Raspberry Pi with the physical world
Introducing the various input and output devices
Raspberry Pi expansion boards for building complex hardware setup
Real-time demo of Raspberry Pi interfacing
Hands On

Arduino Uno Wifi and IoTivity

Iotivity
Iotivity Architecture
Hands On

Netduino Platform and Netduino Interfacing

Introduction to Netduino Platform
Setting up the Netduino environment
Coding for the Netduino
Interfacing the Netduino with the physical world
Introducing the various input and output devices
Real-time demo of Netduino interfacing
Hands On

IoT for Arduino, NodeMCU and Netduino

Control LED light using Netduino board
NodeMCU
Blynk

Project: Building WSN with MQTT, Raspberry Pi & Arduino

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