In the real world, we are surrounded by humans who can learn everything from their experiences with their learning capability, and we have computers or machines which work on our instructions. But can a machine also learn from experiences or past data like a human does? So here comes the role of Machine Learning.

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Machine Learning is said as a subset of artificial intelligence that is mainly concerned with the development of algorithms which allow a computer to learn from the data and past experiences on their own. The term machine learning was first introduced by Arthur Samuel in 1959. We can define it in a summarized way as:

Machine learning enables a machine to automatically learn from data, improve performance from experiences, and predict things without being explicitly programmed.

With the help of sample historical data, which is known as training data, machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model that helps in making predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning brings computer science and statistics together for creating predictive models. Machine learning constructs or uses the algorithms that learn from historical data. The more we will provide the information, the higher will be the performance.

A machine has the ability to learn if it can improve its performance by gaining more data.

How does Machine Learning work

A Machine Learning system learns from historical data, builds the prediction models, and whenever it receives new data, predicts the output for it. The accuracy of predicted output depends upon the amount of data, as the huge amount of data helps to build a better model which predicts the output more accurately.

Suppose we have a complex problem, where we need to perform some predictions, so instead of writing a code for it, we just need to feed the data to generic algorithms, and with the help of these algorithms, machine builds the logic as per the data and predict the output. Machine learning has changed our way of thinking about the problem. The below block diagram explains the working of Machine Learning algorithm:

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Features of Machine Learning:

• Machine learning uses data to detect various patterns in a given dataset.

• It can learn from past data and improve automatically.

• It is a data-driven technology.

• Machine learning is much similar to data mining as it also deals with the huge amount of the data.

Need for Machine Learning

The need for machine learning is increasing day by day. The reason behind the need for machine learning is that it is capable of doing tasks that are too complex for a person to implement directly. As a human, we have some limitations as we cannot access the huge amount of data manually, so for this, we need some computer systems and here comes the machine learning to make things easy for us.

We can train machine learning algorithms by providing them the huge amount of data and let them explore the data, construct the models, and predict the required output automatically. The performance of the machine learning algorithm depends on the amount of data, and it can be determined by the cost function. With the help of machine learning, we can save both time and money.

The importance of machine learning can be easily understood by its uses cases, Currently, machine learning is used in self-driving cars, cyber fraud detection, face recognition, and friend suggestion by Facebook, etc. Various top companies such as Netflix and Amazon have build machine learning models that are using a vast amount of data to analyze the user interest and recommend product accordingly.

Following are some key points which show the importance of Machine Learning:

• Rapid increment in the production of data

• Solving complex problems, which are difficult for a human

• Decision making in various sector including finance

• Finding hidden patterns and extracting useful information from data.

Classification of Machine Learning

At a broad level, machine learning can be classified into three types:

1. Supervised learning

2. Unsupervised learning

3. Reinforcement learning

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1) Supervised Learning

Supervised learning is a type of machine learning method in which we provide sample labeled data to the machine learning system in order to train it, and on that basis, it predicts the output.

The system creates a model using labeled data to understand the datasets and learn about each data, once the training and processing are done then we test the model by providing a sample data to check whether it is predicting the exact output or not.

The goal of supervised learning is to map input data with the output data. The supervised learning is based on supervision, and it is the same as when a student learns things in the supervision of the teacher. The example of supervised learning is spam filtering.

Supervised learning can be grouped further in two categories of algorithms:

• Classification

• Regression

2) Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a learning method in which a machine learns without any supervision.

The training is provided to the machine with the set of data that has not been labeled, classified, or categorized, and the algorithm needs to act on that data without any supervision. The goal of unsupervised learning is to restructure the input data into new features or a group of objects with similar patterns.

In unsupervised learning, we don’t have a predetermined result. The machine tries to find useful insights from the huge amount of data. It can be further classifieds into two categories of algorithms:

• Clustering

• Association

3) Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning is a feedback-based learning method, in which a learning agent gets a reward for each right action and gets a penalty for each wrong action. The agent learns automatically with these feedbacks and improves its performance. In reinforcement learning, the agent interacts with the environment and explores it. The goal of an agent is to get the most reward points, and hence, it improves its performance.

The robotic dog, which automatically learns the movement of his arms, is an example of Reinforcement learning.

Note: We will learn about the above types of machine learning in detail in later chapters.

Prerequisites

Before learning machine learning, you must have the basic knowledge of followings so that you can easily understand the concepts of machine learning:

• Fundamental knowledge of probability and linear algebra.

• The ability to code in any computer language, especially in Python language.

• Knowledge of Calculus, especially derivatives of single variable and multivariate functions.

So, this brings us to the end of blog. This Tecklearn ‘Introduction to Machine Learning’ blog helps you with commonly asked questions if you are looking out for a job in Machine Learning. If you wish to learn Machine Learning and build a career in Data Science or Machine Learning domain, then check out our interactive, Machine Learning Training, that comes with 24*7 support to guide you throughout your learning period. Please find the link for course details:

Machine Learning

Machine Learning Training

About the Course

Tecklearn’s Machine Learning training will help you develop the skills and knowledge required for a career as a Machine Learning Engineer. It helps you gain expertise in various machine learning algorithms such as regression, clustering, decision trees, random forest, Naïve Bayes and Q-Learning. This Machine Learning Certification Training exposes you to concepts of Statistics, Time Series and different classes of machine learning algorithms like supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement algorithms. With these key concepts, you will be well prepared for the role of Machine Learning (ML) engineer. In addition, it is one of the most immersive Machine Learning online courses, which includes hands-on projects

Why Should you take Machine Learning Training?

• The average machine learning salary, according to Indeed’s research, is approximately $146,085 (an astounding 344% increase since 2015). The average machine learning engineer salary far outpaced other technology jobs on the list.

• IBM, Amazon, Apple, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Oracle & other MNCs worldwide are using Machine Learning for their Data analysis

• The Machine Learning market is expected to reach USD $8.81 Billion by 2022, at a growth rate of 44.1-percent, indicating the increased adoption of Machine Learning among companies. By 2020, the demand for Machine Learning engineers is expected to grow by 60-percent.

What you will Learn in this Course?

Introduction to Machine Learning

• Need of Machine Learning

• Types of Machine Learning – Supervised, Unsupervised and Reinforcement Learning

• Applications of Machine Learning

Concept of Supervised Learning and Linear Regression

• Concept of Supervised learning

• Types of Supervised learning: Classification and Regression

• Overview of Regression

• Types of Regression: Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Linear Regression

• Assumptions in Linear Regression and Mathematical Concepts behind Linear Regression

• Hands On

Concept of Classification and Logistic Regression

• Overview of the Concept of Classification

• Comparison of Linear regression with Logistic regression

• Mathematics behind Logistic Regression: Detailed Formulas and Functions

• Concept of Confusion matrix and Accuracy Measurement

• True positives rate, False positives rate

• Threshold evaluation with ROCR

• Hands on

Concept of Decision Trees and Random Forest

• Overview of Tree Based Classification

• Concept of Decision trees, Impurity function and Entropy

• Concept of Impurity function and Information gain for the right split of node and

• Concept of Gini index and right split of node using Gini Index

• Overfitting and Pruning Techniques

• Stages of Pruning: Pre-Pruning, Post Pruning and cost-complexity pruning

• Introduction to ensemble techniques and Concept of Bagging

• Concept of random forests

• Evaluation of Correct number of trees in a random forest

• Hands on

Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine

• Introduction to probabilistic classifiers

• Understanding Naive Bayes Theorem and mathematics behind the Bayes theorem

• Concept of Support vector machines (SVM)

• Mathematics behind SVM and Kernel functions in SVM

• Hands on

Concept of Unsupervised Learning

• Overview of Unsupervised Learning

• Types of Unsupervised Learning: Dimensionality Reduction and Clustering

• Types of Clustering

• Concept of K-Means Clustering

• Mathematics behind K-Means Clustering

• Concept of Dimensionality Reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

• Hands on

Natural Language Processing and Text Mining Concepts

• Overview of Concept of Natural Language Processing (NLP)

• Concepts of Text mining with Importance and applications of text mining

• Working of NLP with text mining

• Reading and Writing to word files and OS modules

• Text mining using Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) environment: Cleaning of Text, Pre-Processing of Text and Text classification

• Hands on

Introduction to Deep Learning

• Overview of Deep Learning with neural networks

• Biological neural network Versus Artificial neural network (ANN)

• Concept of Perceptron learning algorithm

• Deep Learning frameworks and Tensor Flow constants

• Hands on

Time Series Analysis

• Concept of Time series analysis, its techniques and applications

• Time series components

• Concepts of Moving average and smoothing techniques such as exponential smoothing

• Univariate time series models

• Multivariate time series analysis and the ARIMA model

• Time series in Python

• Sentiment analysis using Python (Twitter sentiment analysis Use Case) and Text analysis

• Hands on

Got a question for us? Please mention it in the comments section and we will get back to you.

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