A class may be a template or blueprint from which objects are created. An object is an instance of a category . this is often the quality definition of sophistication. Apex Classes are almost like Java Classes.
For example, InvoiceProcessor class describes the category which has all the methods and actions which will be performed on the Invoice. If you create an instance of this class, then it’ll represent the only invoice which is currently in context.

Creating Classes

You can create class in Apex from the Developer Console, Force.com Eclipse IDE and from Apex Class detail page also .
From Developer Console
Follow these steps to make an Apex class from the Developer Console −
Step 1 − attend Name and click on on the Developer Console.
Step 2 − Click on File ⇒ New then click on the Apex class.

From Force.com IDE
Follow these steps to make a category from Force.com IDE −
Step 1 − Open Force.com Eclipse IDE
Step 2 − Create a replacement Project by clicking on File ⇒ New ⇒ Apex Class.

Step 3 − Provide the Name for the category and click on on OK.
Once this is often done, the new class are going to be created.
From Apex Class Detail Page
Follow these steps to make a category from Apex Class Detail Page −
Step 1 − Click on Name ⇒ Setup.
Step 2 − look for ‘Apex Class’ and click on on the link. it’ll open the Apex Class details page.

Step 3 − Click on ‘New’ then provide the Name for sophistication then click Save.

Apex social organization

Below is that the sample structure for Apex class definition.
Syntax

private | public | global
[virtual | abstract | with sharing | without sharing]
class ClassName [implements InterfaceNameList] [extends ClassName] {
// Classs Body
}
This definition uses a mixture of access modifiers, sharing modes, class name and sophistication body. we'll check out of these options further.
Example
Following may be a sample structure for Apex class definition −
public class MySampleApexClass { //Class definition and body
public static Integer myValue = 0; //Class Member variable
public static String myString = ''; //Class Member variable

public static Integer getCalculatedValue () {
// Method definition and body
// do some calculation
myValue = myValue+10;
return myValue;
}
}

Access Modifiers
Private
If you declare the access modifier as ‘Private’, then this class are going to be known only locally and you can’t access this class outside of that specific piece. By default, classes have this modifier.
Public
If you declare the category as ‘Public’ then this suggests that this class is accessible to your organization and your defined namespace. Normally, most of the Apex classes are defined with this keyword.
Global
If you declare the category as ‘global’ then this may be accessible by all apex codes regardless of your organization. If you’ve got method defined with web service keyword, then you want to declare the containing class with global keyword.
Sharing Modes
Let us now discuss the various modes of sharing.
With Sharing
This is a special feature of Apex Classes in Salesforce. When a category is specified with ‘With Sharing’ keyword then it’s following implications: When the category will get executed, it’ll respect the User’s access settings and profile permission. Suppose, User’s action has triggered the record update for 30 records, but user has access to only 20 records and 10 records aren’t accessible. Then, if the category is performing the action to update the records, only 20 records are going to be updated to which the user has access and remainder of 10 records won’t be updated. this is often also called because the User mode.
Without Sharing
Even if the User doesn’t have access to 10 records out of 30, all the 30 records are going to be updated because the Class is running within the System mode, i.e., it’s been defined with Without Sharing keyword. this is often called the System Mode.
Virtual
If you employ the ‘virtual’ keyword, then it indicates that this class are often extended and overrides are allowed. If the methods got to be overridden, then the classes should be declared with the virtual keyword.
Abstract
If you declare the category as ‘abstract’, then it’ll only contain the signature of method and not the particular implementation.
Class Variables
Syntax

[public | private | protected | global] [final] [static] data_type
variable_name [= value]

In the above syntax −
• Variable data type and variable name are mandatory
• Access modifiers and value are optional.
Example

public static final Integer myvalue;

Apex – Methods
Class Methods
There are two modifiers for sophistication Methods in Apex – Public or Protected. Return type is mandatory for method and if method isn’t returning anything then you want to mention void because the return type. Additionally, Body is additionally required for method.
Syntax

[public | private | protected | global]
[override]
[static]

return_data_type method_name (input parameters) {
// Method body goes here
}

Explanation of Syntax
Those parameters mentioned within the square brackets are optional. However, the subsequent components are essential −
• return_data_type
• method_name

Access Modifiers for sophistication Methods

Using access modifiers, you’ll specify access level for the category methods. for instance , Public method are going to be accessible from anywhere within the class and out of doors of the category . Private method are going to be accessible only within the category . Global are going to be accessible by all the Apex classes and may be exposed as web service method accessible by other apex classes.
Example

//Method definition and body
public static Integer getCalculatedValue () {

//do some calculation
myValue = myValue+10;
return myValue;
}
This method has return type as Integer and takes no parameter.
A Method can have parameters as shown within the following example −
// Method definition and body, this method takes parameter price which can then be used 
// in method.

public static Integer getCalculatedValueViaPrice (Decimal price) {
// do some calculation
myValue = myValue+price;
return myValue;
}

Class Constructors

A constructor may be a code that’s invoked when an object is made from the category blueprint. it’s an equivalent name because the class name.
We don’t got to define the constructor for each class, as by default a no-argument constructor gets called. Constructors are useful for initialization of variables or when a process is to be done at the time of sophistication initialization. for instance , you’ll wish to assign values to certain Integer variables as 0 when the category gets called.
Example

// Class definition and body
public class MySampleApexClass2 {
public static Double myValue; // Class Member variable
public static String myString; // Class Member variable

public MySampleApexClass2 () {
myValue = 100; //initialized variable when class is named 
}

public static Double getCalculatedValue () { // Method definition and body
// do some calculation
myValue = myValue+10;
return myValue;
}

public static Double getCalculatedValueViaPrice (Decimal price) {
// Method definition and body
// do some calculation
myValue = myValue+price; // Final Price would be 100+100=200.00
return myValue;
}
}

You can call the tactic of sophistication via constructor also . this might be useful when programming Apex for visual force controller. When class object is made , then constructor is named as shown below −

// Class and constructor has been instantiated
MySampleApexClass2 objClass = new MySampleApexClass2();
Double FinalPrice = MySampleApexClass2.getCalculatedValueViaPrice(100);
System.debug('FinalPrice: '+FinalPrice);

Overloading Constructors
Constructors are often overloaded, i.e., a category can have quite one constructor defined with different parameters.
Example

public class MySampleApexClass3 { // Class definition and body
public static Double myValue; // Class Member variable
public static String myString; // Class Member variable

public MySampleApexClass3 () {
myValue = 100; // initialized variable when class is named 
System.debug('myValue variable with no Overaloading'+myValue);
}

public MySampleApexClass3 (Integer newPrice) { // Overloaded constructor
myValue = newPrice; // initialized variable when class is named 
System.debug('myValue variable with Overaloading'+myValue);
}

public static Double getCalculatedValue () { // Method definition and body
// do some calculation
myValue = myValue+10;
return myValue;
}

public static Double getCalculatedValueViaPrice (Decimal price) {
// Method definition and body
// do some calculation
myValue = myValue+price;
return myValue;
}
}
You can execute this class as we've executed it in previous example.
// Developer Console Code
MySampleApexClass3 objClass = new MySampleApexClass3();
Double FinalPrice = MySampleApexClass3.getCalculatedValueViaPrice(100);
System.debug('FinalPrice: '+FinalPrice);

So, this brings us to the end of blog. This Tecklearn ‘Classes and Methods in Apex Proramming Language’ blog helps you with commonly asked questions if you are looking out for a job in Salesforce. If you wish to learn Salesforce and build a career in Salesforce domain, then check out our interactive, Salesforce Certification Training: Admin 201 and App Builder, that comes with 24*7 support to guide you throughout your learning period. Please find the link for course details:

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Salesforce Development and Apex Programming
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• Access Specifier in Salesforce
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• Lightning Components
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Visual Force in Salesforce
• Standard Visualforce controller and controller extensions,
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• Understanding the MVC Pattern
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About Preparation of Salesforce 201 and App Builder Certification exams

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